Fig. 5
From: Viral manipulation of the cellular sumoylation machinery
Targeting the SUMO E3 ligases (RanBP2 and SUMO E3 Ligase Mimics). Japanese encephalitis virus induces RanBP2 levels, which results in the activation of the Type I interferons. The HIV-1 nucleocapsid interacts with the E3 ligase RanBP2 to ensure the delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus. Both Kaposi’s sarcoma-associate herpesvirus (KSHV) and ADV encode viral E3 ligase mimics. While the KSHV mimic is specific for SUMO-2/3 conjugation, the ADV mimic specificity is unknown. FMDV Lpro has a PIAS-like domain and PIAS-like functions in order to inhibit anti-viral responses and allow viral replication to proceed