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Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells, which have crucial functions in intercellular communication. Exosomes originated from cell membrane invagination and are released followed by multivesicular bodie...
TGF-β superfamily signaling is indispensable for bone homeostasis. However, the global expression profiles of all the genes that make up this signaling module in bone and bone-related diseases have not yet bee...
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process crucial for homeostasis. During autophagy, a double-membrane autophagosome fuses with lysosome through SNARE machinery STX17 to form autolysosome for degradati...
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy regarding digestive system, which is the fourth leading factor of cancer-related mortalities in the globe. Prognosis is poor due to diagnosis at advanced di...
Current therapeutic management of advanced melanoma patients largely depends on their BRAF mutation status. However, the vast heterogeneity of the tumors hampers the success of therapies targeting the MAPK/ERK...
Innate and adaptive immune cells patrol and survey throughout the human body and sometimes reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a variety of cell types and nutrients that may differ from those in wh...
The Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) catalyzes isoleucine to the corresponding tRNA, maintaining the accuracy of gene translation. Its role in psoriasis has been not investigated so far. In this study, we aime...
CD6 is one of many cell surface receptors known to regulate signal transduction upon T cell activation. However, whether CD6 mediates costimulatory or inhibitory signals is controversial. When T cells engage w...
Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is a critical life-threatening disorder characterized by severe infiltration immune cells and death of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII). However, little is k...
Among the FGF proteins, the least characterized superfamily is the group of fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). To date, the main role of FHFs has been primarily seen in the modulation of volta...
Although a lack of functional PTEN contributes to tumorigenesis in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, little is known about the functional role of its overexpression in the tumors. The current study focuse...
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates VSMCs to switch into a dedifferentiated...
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of individual PHLPP isoforms in insulin signaling and insulin resistance in neuronal cells.
Bicalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen widely used as a first-line clinical treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although patients initially show effective responses to bicalutamide treatment, re...
Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations of JAK1, a member of the JAK kinase family, were frequently observed in EC, indicating that JAK1 may act as a tumor suppressor, at least in EC. However, the mechanism of JAK1 m...
Serous ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent histological subgroup of ovarian cancer and the leading cause of death among gynecologic tumors. The tumor microenvironment and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs...
Spermine is frequently elevated in tumor tissues and body fluids of cancer patients and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the immune functions of spermine in hepatocel...
Recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance are still big challenges in breast cancer therapy. Internal and external stresses have been proven to substantially facilitate breast cancer progression through mole...
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been growing swiftly worldwide. Patients with background chronic pulmonary inflammations such as asthma or chronic obstructive pu...
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia with a poor prognosis and survival characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. Despite advances in treatment, AML still has a low comple...
Presently, more than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy to cure localized cancer, palliate symptoms, or control the progression of cancer. However, radioresistance and radiation-induced bystander eff...
Molecule interacting with CasL-like protein 2 (MICALL2) is believed to regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, tight junction formation, and neurite outgrowth. However, its biological role and the underlying mechanism...
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disease of hematopoietic cells, characterized by hematopoietic cell hematopoiesis and a high risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the un...
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) often mutate on arginine 882 (DNMT3AR882) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML patients with DNMT3A R882 mutation are usually resistant to daunorubicin treatment; however, the as...
Concanavalin A (ConA), the most studied plant lectin, has been known as a potent anti-neoplastic agent for a long time. Since initial reports on its capacity to kill cancer cells, much attention has been devot...
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors. HB-EGF and its receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ...
Postmenopausal bone loss, mainly caused by excessive bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts, has become a global public health burden. Metformin, a hypoglycemic drug, has been reported to have beneficial effe...
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal breast cancer subtypes. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic targets, chemotherapy is still the main medical treatment for TNBC patients. Thus, ...
Nesfatin-1 and -2 are produced from a reaction in which the N-terminus of human Nucleobindin-2 undergoes proteolytical processing. To date, Nucleobindin-2 and/or nesfatin-1 have only been shown to act as pepti...
Frameshift mutations in LRPAP1 are responsible for autosomal recessive high myopia in human beings but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the effect of LRPAP1 defect on ocula...
The existence of multiple endocytic pathways is well known, and their exact biological effects in tumors have been intensively investigated. Endocytosis can affect the connection between tumor cells and determ...
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a serious and potentially fatal brain injury that is caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure. Vasogenic edema is the main pathological factor of this condition. H...
We mourn, and briefly describe the life and contributions of, Andrew H. Wyllie, who was a co-author of the first paper to describe apoptosis, and a primary proponent of the concept.
Ongoing differentiation processes characterize the mammary gland during sexual development and reproduction. In contrast, defective remodelling is assumed to be causal for breast tumorigenesis. We have shown r...
In acute pancreatitis, activation of inflammatory signaling, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, within acinar cells is known to be an early intracellular event occurring in parallel with pat...
EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are associated with a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and only 20% of NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations benefit from immunotherapy....
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive chronic disease of the central retina, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Activated macrophages recruited to the injured eyes greatly contribute to...
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the response of organs to insulin is impaired. IR is an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. However, IR also appears in physiological contexts during critical...
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of human mortality worldwide, mainly due to atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the...
Tumorigenic phenotype of M2 tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in response to exosomes cues imposed by tumor cells. However, the effect and underlying mechanisms of clear cell renal cell ca...
The original article was published in Cell Communication and Signaling 2018 16:30
Anti-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of great significance for RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the generation of primary a...
Tumor cells detachment from primary lesions is an early event for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis, in which cell adhesion molecules play an important role. The role of mechanical crowding has attract...
Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only ...
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), a putative cancer stem cell marker, is frequently upregulated in cancers, and USP22 overexpression is associated with aggressive growth, metastasis, and therapy resistan...
Keratinocytes constitute a major part of the melanoma microenvironment, considering their protective role towards melanocytes in physiological conditions. However, their interactions with tumor cells following...
Exosomes are progressively known as significant mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They convey active biomolecules to target cells and have vital functions in several physiological and pathological proce...
Notch signaling is highly conserved and critically involved in cell differentiation, immunity, and survival. Activation of the Notch pathway modulates immune cell functions during the inflammatory response. Ho...
Spatiotemporal regulation of subcellular protein kinase A (PKA) activity for precise substrate phosphorylation is essential for cellular responses to hormonal stimulation. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and (sarc...
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon that frequently leads to chemotherapy failure during cancer treatment. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represents the major mech...
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Cell Communication and Signaling