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Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous and common upper airway disease divided into various inflammatory endotypes. Recent epidemiological findings showed a T helper 2 (Th2)-skewe...
Atherosclerosis, which is a vascular pathology characterized by inflammation and plaque build-up within arterial vessel walls, acts as the important cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Except for a lipid-de...
Non-coding RNA has aroused great research interest recently, they play a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and intracellular substance metabolism. Piwi-inte...
Despite improved patient outcome using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients require life-long treatment due to leukaemic stem cell (LSC) persistence. LSCs reside in the b...
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate lymphoid cell family that work as both cytotoxic effectors and immune regulators. Accumulating evidence points to interactions between NK cells ...
Linear ubiquitination is a distinct type of ubiquitination that involves attaching a head-to-tail polyubiquitin chain to a substrate protein. Early studies found that linear ubiquitin chains are essential for ...
Sorafenib improves the overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is commonly overexpressed in HCC. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of DK...
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA-binding protein with multifaceted processes. While TDP-43 has been extensively studied in the context of degenerative diseases, recent evidence has al...
Melanoma is an aggressive kind of skin cancer; its rate has risen rapidly over the past few decades. Melanoma reports for only about 1% of skin cancers but leads to a high majority of skin cancer deaths. Thus,...
Foetal renal dysplasia is still the main cause of adult renal disease. Placenta-derived exosomes are an important communication tool, and they may play an important role in placental (both foetal and maternal)...
The purinergic receptor P2X7 plays a crucial role in infection, inflammation, and cell death. It is thought that P2X7 receptor stimulation triggers processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine inter...
As one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications in RNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affects RNA transcription, splicing, stability, and posttranscriptional translation. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a key ...
Although interest in the role of extracellular vesicles (EV) in oncology is growing, not all potential aspects have been investigated. In this meta-analysis, data regarding (i) the EV proteome and (ii) the inv...
Anemia is the most common manifestation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, but the cause of ineffective hematopoiesis is not fully understood. Enucleation is an important event in the maturation proce...
Inflammation plays a significant role in various cancers, including lung cancer, where the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is often elevated in the tumor microenvironment. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma show hi...
Diabetes mellitus, known for its complications, especially vascular complications, is becoming a globally serious social problem. Atherosclerosis has been recognized as a common vascular complication mechanism...
The outcome of patients with colon cancer is still unsatisfied nowadays. Simvastatin is a type of statins with anti-cancer activity, but its effect on colon cancer cells remains unclear. The present study is i...
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with extremely poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for developing novel treatment options. Identifying epigenetic vulnerabilities of c...
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a regulable cell death that involves well-organized signaling cascades and molecular mechanisms. RCD is implicated in fundamental processes such as organ production and tissue rem...
The placentas from newborns that are small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight < -2 SD for gestational age) may display multiple pathological characteristics. A key determinant of fetal growth and, therefor...
Mechanism underlying the malignant progression of precancer to early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as well as their indolence nature remains elusive.
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is characterized by unrelieved proteinuria after an initial 4–8 weeks of glucocorticoid therapy. Genes in podocytes play an important role in causing SRNS.
Although acetylsalicylic acid has been widely used for decades to treat and prevent various diseases, its potential effects on endometrial receptivity and subsequent pregnancy rates are still controversial due...
The unfolded protein response is a survival signaling pathway that is induced during various types of ER stress. Here, we determine IRE1’s role in miRNA regulation during ER stress. During induction of ER stre...
Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune disease, particularly multiple sc...
Interleukin (IL)-10-producing B (B10) cells are generated in response to signals from the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor growth by interacting with B10 cells. We investigated the distributions of imm...
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play important roles in various human cancers and targeting DUBs is considered as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Overexpression of ubiquitin specific protease 7 and 22 (USP7 an...
According to a paper released and submitted to WHO by IARC scientists, there would be 905,700 new cases of liver cancer diagnosed globally in 2020, with 830,200 deaths expected as a direct result. Hepatitis B ...
The GPCR HCAR1 is known to be the sole receptor for lactate, which modulates its metabolic effects. Despite its significant role in many processes, mice deficient in HCAR1 exhibit no visible phenotype and are ...
Cardiovascular diseases pose a major threat worldwide. Common cardiovascular diseases include acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerosis. Glycolysis process ...
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment and are closely associated with tumour progression as major mediators of cellular signalling. As a ...
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. BC stem cells (BCSCs) have been known to be involved in the carcinogenesis of the breast and contribute to therapeutic resistance. The...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar remodeling. Although the abnormalities are primarily prompt...
The mutation of MET plays a crucial role in the initiation of cancer, while the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway also plays a significant role in cell differentiation and the maintenance of tumor stem cells. Conventional ch...
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), a mucin-like highly glycosylated molecule has been extensively studied as a cancer stem cell marker in a variety of solid cancers. The functional role of CD24 is either fu...
Emerging evidence suggests the critical roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the role of m6A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. ...
Cells have been increasingly known to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the extracellular environment under physiological and pathological conditions. A plethora of studies have revealed that EVs contain...
Cytokines of the common γ chain (γc) family are critical for the development, differentiation, and survival of T lineage cells. Cytokines play key roles in immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, allergies, a...
Integrins are closely related to mechanical conduction and play a crucial role in the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Here we wondered whether tensile stress could influence cell differentiation ...
Bladder cells face a challenging biophysical environment: mechanical cues originating from urine flow and regular contraction to enable the filling voiding of the organ. To ensure functional adaption, bladder ...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a pathological condition characterized by persistent inflammation in the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses. The epithelium serves as the first line of defense agains...
Cell-to-cell communication is vital for tissues to respond, adapt, and thrive in the prevailing milieu. Several mechanisms mediate intercellular signaling, including tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, and ext...
Hyperactive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles which carry cellular components for intercellular ...
Ras-GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is an oncogenic factor, which highly expressed in a variety of cancers. In recent years, G3BP1 has been reported to promote the development of prostate c...
tsRNAs are small non-coding RNAs originating from tRNA that play important roles in a variety of physiological activities such as RNA silencing, ribosome biogenesis, retrotransposition, and epigenetic inherita...
Metastasis is the main cause of deaths related to breast cancer. This is particular the case for triple negative breast cancer. No targeted therapies are reported as efficient until now. The extracellular matr...
Neutrophils depend heavily on glycolysis for energy production under normal conditions. In contrast, neutrophils require energy supplied by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during chemotaxis. H...
Metastasis is a key feature of malignant tumors and significantly contributes to their high mortality, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is imperative to explore the mechanism of tu...
Diabetic vascular complications (DVCs), including macro- and micro- angiopathy, account for a high percentage of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial and ro...
When ectopically overexpressed, anticancer genes, such as TRAIL, PAR4 and ORCTL3, specifically destroy tumour cells without harming untransformed cells. Anticancer genes can not only serve as powerful tumour spec...
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Cell Communication and Signaling