Fig. 9

Macrophage autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) deletion alters the inflammatory phenotype and polarization in BMDMs in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). (A) Atg5 mRNA levels in BMDMs from WT and MΦ atg5^−/− mice. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 3 per group, **** P < 0.0001. Unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test. (B) Western blot analysis of the relative density of LC3-II;/I; in WT and MΦ atg5^−/− BMDMs following stimulation with 1 µg/mL LPS for 4 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 4 per group, **** P < 0.0001. Unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test. (C) The mRNA levels of TNFα, Il6, iNOS, and TGFβ1 in MΦ atg5^−/−BMDMs compared with those of WT BMDMs following stimulation with 1 µg/mL LPS. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 **** P < 0.0001 versus vehicle-treated WT BMDMs; ## P < 0.01, #### P < 0.0001 for LPS-treated WT BMDMs (n = 4 per group). (D) Flow cytometric analysis showing the M1/M2 ratio of macrophage polarization in BMDMs isolated from MΦ atg5^−/− and WT mice in response to LPS treatment. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 (n = 4 per group). Two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple-comparison test