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Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome resulted from severe infection with high morbidity and mortality. Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a multifunctional type II transmembrane glycopr...
Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete nano-sized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are important mediators of communication and pathogenesis. OMV uptake by host cells activates TLR signalling via transp...
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EVs) detection and isolation methods have led to the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Among different types of EVs, exosomes (Exos) can transfer different ...
Fucosyltransferase 2(FUT2) and its induced α-1,2 fucosylation is associated with cancer metastasis. However, the role of FUT2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains unclear.
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. While various factors are established as causing malignant tumors, the mechanisms underlying cancer development remain poorly understood. Early diagn...
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious cardiac side effects in clinical applicat...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by loss of neurons and synapses in central nervous system. Several causes for neuronal death in AD have been introduced,...
Breast tumors consist of heterogeneous cellular subpopulations that differ in molecular properties and functional attributes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer therapeutic failure and metas...
PD-L1, a transmembrane ligand for immune checkpoint receptor PD1, has been successfully targeted to activate an anti-tumor immune response in a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NS...
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a heme-degrading enzyme, is proven to have anti-apoptotic effects in several malignancies. In addition, HO-1 is reported to cause chemoresistance and increase cell survival. Growing ev...
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in remodeling the extracellular matrix and in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). MMP19, which is an MMP, was significantly upregulate...
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is recognized to play an essential role in cartilage development and physiology, and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for skeletal metabolic diseases. However, ...
The Correction to this article has been published in Cell Communication and Signaling 2023 21:216
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A (eIF-5A), an essential translation factor, is post-translationally activated by the polyamine spermidine. Two human genes encode eIF-5A, being eIF5-A1 constitutively expressed w...
Gene expression and posttranscriptional regulation can be strongly influenced by epigenetic modifications. N6-methyladenosine, the most extensive RNA modification, has been revealed to participate in many human d...
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with an unclear pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) can serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory s...
Metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Apart from platelets, platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are also considered important factors that can modify the activity o...
To our current understanding, solid tumors depend on suppressed local immune reactions, often elicited by the interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) components. Despite an improved un...
Head and neck tumors (HNCs) are a common tumor in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, accounting for 5% of all malignant tumors in the body and are the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide. In th...
Dysregulated ARID1A expression is frequently detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and mediates significant changes in cancer behaviors and a poor prognosis. ARID1A deficiency in LUAD enhances proliferation a...
The most significant cause of treatment failure in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a persistent population of minimal residual cells. Emerging evidences showed that methylation of SHP-1 contributed to Imatin...
Early metastasis is a hallmark of osteosarcoma (OS), a highly common type of malignant tumor. Members of the potassium inwardly rectifying channel family exert oncogenic effects in various cancers. However, th...
Oncogenic driver mutations have implications that extend beyond cancer cells themselves. Aberrant tumour cell signalling has various effects on the tumour microenvironment and anti-tumour immunity, with import...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces inflammation, autoantibody production, and thrombosis, which are common symptoms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect of ...
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immuno...
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor widely expressed among immune, epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells in barrier tissues. It can be activated by small molecules ...
During myocardial damage, the sex hormone estrogen and CD73, the main enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine, are cardioprotective molecules. However, it is unclear how these two molecules work together to pr...
The original article was published in Cell Communication and Signaling 2019 17:17
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with increased incidence and severity of asthma. PM2.5 exposure disrupts airway epithelial cells, which elicits and sustains PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and ...
Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), one of the predominant components of the Hippo pathway, has been characterized as a key player controlling the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, including gas...
Limited progress in terms of an effective treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) emphasizes the urgent need for novel therapies. As a vital central nervous system component, the resident astrocytes play crucia...
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are precursors of various cell types. Through soluble factors, direct cell–cell interactions and other intercellular communication mechanisms such as extracellular ...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including small EVs (sEVs) such as exosomes, exhibit great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders, representing a valuable tool for precision medicine. The l...
Health hazards from long-term exposure to microwaves, especially the potential for changes in cognitive function, are attracting increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in spatia...
Combined chemotherapy is a treatment method based on the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic agents; it is frequently necessary to produce a more effective treatment for cancer patients. Such combined ...
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a role in regulating homeostasis under physiological conditions. However, dysregulation of autophagy is observed in the development of human diseases...
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) infection can induce acute inflammation, which causes meningoencephalitis and tissue mechanical injury to the brain. Parasite infection–induced microRNAs play importan...
C3G is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rap1 to promote cell adhesion. Resting C3G is autoinhibited and the GEF activity is released by stimuli that signal through tyrosine kinases. C3...
The inflammatory cascade and cell death post-myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) are very complex. Despite the understanding that macrophage inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of MI/R, t...
The MYC oncogenic family is dysregulated in diverse tumors which is generally linked to the poor prognosis of tumors. The members in MYC family are transcription factors which are responsible for the regulatio...
The Philadelphia chromosome encodes the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which has two primary subtypes, P210 and P190. P210 and P190 cause Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) and Philadelphia-posi...
MicroRNAs, as non-coding transcripts, modulate gene expression through RNA silencing under normal physiological conditions. Their aberrant expression has strongly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer devel...
The immunophilin FKBP12 binds to TGF-β family type I receptors, including the BMP type I receptor ALK2. FKBP12 keeps the type I receptor in an inactive state and controls signaling activity. Removal of FKBP12 ...
Semaphorin7a (SEMA7A), a membrane-anchored member of the semaphorin protein family, could be involved in a diverse range of immune responses via its receptor integrin β1. Recently, we reported that the SEMA7AR148...
Adult stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated daughter cells that are required in the body tissues. The identity of adult stem cells is maintained by extrinsic signals fro...
The integrity of the structure and function of the endometrium is essential for the maintenance of fertility. However, the repair mechanisms of uterine injury remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that the d...
Previous studies have shown that depression is often accompanied by an increase in mtDNA copy number and a decrease in ATP levels; however, the exact regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.
As a common belief, most viruses can egress from the host cells as single particles and transmit to uninfected cells. Emerging data have revealed en bloc viral transmission as lipid bilayer-cloaked particles via ...
Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly cysteine-rich proteins, including RELMα, RELMβ, Resistin, and RELMγ. However, RELMs exhibit significant differences in structure, distribution, and function. The expr...
The inflammatory response induced by intestinal ischaemia‒reperfusion injury (I/R) is closely associated with infectious complications and mortality in critically ill patients, and the timely and effective cle...
Grainyhead like 2 (GRHL2) is an essential transcription factor for development and function of epithelial tissues. It has dual roles in cancer by supporting tumor growth while suppressing epithelial to mesench...
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