Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its interplay with TGF-β and Notch signaling pathways for the treatment of chronic wounds

Table 1 List of Notch and TGF-β target genes expressed during wound healing

Signaling Pathway	Wound healing phase	Target genes	Cell type	Function in wound healing	Ref.
Notch	Inflammation	IL1B	Macrophages	Activate switch from M1 to M2 macrophages	[28]
		IL6	Macrophages	Induces pro-inflammatory response	[29, 30]
		TNF	Macrophages	Induces pro-inflammation	[29]
	Proliferation	ACTA2	Endothelial cells	Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition	[31, 32]
		ACTA2	Fibroblasts	Myofibroblast formation	[31]
		VEGFA	Endothelial cells	Angiogenesis	[33]
		IVL	Keratinocytes	Keratinocyte differentiation	[34]
TGF-β	Hemostasis	TGFB1	Platelet cells	Activate platelet aggregation, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis	[35]
	Inflammation	TGFB1	Macrophages	Switch from M1 to M2 macrophages	[36]
	Inflammation	IL4	Macrophages	Activates cell proliferation	[37]
	Proliferation	COL3A1	Fibroblasts	Collagen deposition	[16]
		SNAI2	Keratinocytes	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	[38]
		FN	Fibroblasts	Deposition of new ECM	[39]
	Remodeling	COL1A1	Fibroblasts	Deposition of new ECM	[40]
		ACTA2	Fibroblasts	Myofibroblast formation	[41]
		TGFB1	Macrophages/Fibroblasts	Wound closure and scar formation	[42]
		FN	Fibroblasts	Deposition of new ECM	[40]
		FGF2	Fibroblasts	Wound closure	[42]

ISSN: 1478-811X