Fig. 2

Illustrates the functions of PTEN in the cytoplasm and nucleus. A: Persistent activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequent mTOR activation upon PTEN loss. This cascade, initiated by the phosphorylation of downstream effector proteins, contributes to processes such as protein and nucleotide synthesis. B: PTEN interacts with MVP in the nucleus in a Ca + dependent way and has a significant function in preserving genome stability while interacting with various proteins