Fig. 4

Activation of cGAS-STING pathway by dual deficiency of MT and DHT in WPMY-1 cells. A-C Fluorescence images, corresponding mean fluorescence intensity, and flow cytometric analysis of intracellular ROS in WPMY-1 cells after incubation with different concentrations of MT (0 and 100 µM) and FT (0 and 25 µM). Scale bar, 50 μm. D Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potentials in WPMY-1 cells after treated by MT (0 and 100 µM) and FT (0 and 25 µM). E-G Fluorescence microscope images and quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial membrane potential via the changes of aggregates (PE) and JC-1 monomers (FITC) in WPMY-1 cells. Scale bar, 50 μm. H Fluorescence images of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) in cytoplasm of WPMY-1 cells after treated by MT and FT. Scale bar, 10 μm. I-J Western blot and corresponding analysis of the essential proteins of cGAS-STING pathway in WPMY-1 cells after incubation with different concentrations of MT (0 and 100 µM) and FT (0 and 25 µM) for 3 days hours. K The IFN-β concentration in the culture medium of WPMY-1 cells incubated with with different concentrations of MT (0 and 100 µM) and FT (0 and 25 µM). L-M Western blot and corresponding analysis of the essential proteins of cGAS-STING pathway in WPMY-1 cells after incubation with MT (0 µM) and FT (25 µM) for different days. Data were presented as means ± SEM (n = 3). Statistical significance was calculated using the one-way ANOVA (B, F, G, J, K and M). ns, no significance, and ***P < 0.001