Tryptophan metabolism in digestive system tumors: unraveling the pathways and implications

Yu, Liang; Lu, Juan; Du, Weibo

doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01552-7

Cell Communication and Signaling

Table 1 Role and mechanism of tryptophan mechanism in digestive system tumors

From: Tryptophan metabolism in digestive system tumors: unraveling the pathways and implications

Tumor type	Tryptophan metabolism	Sample	Clinical characteristics	Functions	Mechanisms
Esophageal cancer	Trp, 5-HT	Serum	Metastasis			[35]
Esophageal cancer	5-HT, 5-HIAA	Serum	Susceptibility, lymph node metastasis, prognosis			[36]
Esophageal cancer	TDO2	Tissue	Lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, prognosis	Cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, tumor growth	AKT, GSK3Β, IL-8	[37]
Esophageal cancer	TDO2	Tissue	Tumor stage, recurrence status, prognosis	Cell proliferation, spheroid colonies, invasion	PI3K, AKT, ERK	[38]
Esophageal cancer	IDO1	Tissue	Prognosis			[39]
Gastric cancer	Trp, Melatonin, Indole-3-propionic acid	Serum				[41]
Gastric cancer	Trp	Serum	Sensitivity of predicting gastric cancer			[42]
Gastric cancer	TDO2	Tissue	TNM stage, lymphatic invasion status, prognosis			[43]
Gastric cancer	Kyn	Serum	Drug resistance	Chemoresistance	IL-10, STAT3, BCL2	[44]
Gastric cancer	Trp	Gastric juice	Detection of early gastric cancer			[45]
Gastric cancer	IDO1	Tissue		Parietal cell loss, gastric metaplasia	B cell	[46]
Gastric cancer	IDO1	Cell		Cell migration	MAPK pathway	[47]
Gastric cancer	KYNU, Kyn, AhR	Tissue		Metastasis	GPX2	[48]
Gastric cancer	KAT2		Gastric intestinal metaplasia		CGAS, IRF3	[49]
Liver cancer	3-HAA	Tissue		Cell apoptosis, tumor growth	YY1, PKC, DUSP6, ERK1/2	[50]
Liver cancer	5-HT1D	Tissue	Recurrence rate, prognosis	Cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis	PI3K, AKT, FOXO6	[51]
Liver cancer	KMO	Tissue	Tumor differentiation, disease recurrence, prognosis	Cell proliferation, migration, invasion		[52]
Liver cancer	TDO2	Tissue	Tumor size, tumor differentiation, m stage, prognosis	Cell migration, invasion, proliferation	CircZNF566, mir-4738-3p	[53]
Liver cancer	Kyn, Trp	Serum	Increased risk of HCC			[54]
Liver cancer	IDO1	Tissue	Prognosis			[55]
Liver cancer	IDO1	Tissue	Prognosis			[56]
Liver cancer	TDO2	Tissue	Advanced stage, vascular invasion, prognosis	Cell migration, invasion		[57]
Liver cancer	Trp, Kyn, AhR	Tissue		Cell proliferation, migration	CYP1A1	[58]
Liver cancer	TDO2	Tissue	Tumor size, clinical stage, TNM stage, tumor differentiation, prognosis	Cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, tumor growth	P21, P27	[59]
Colorectal cancer	Trp	Serum				[60]
Colorectal cancer	5-HT	Tissue		Tumor growth	NLRP3, Immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages	[61]
Colorectal cancer	IL4I1, AhR, Trp	Tissue		Cell proliferation, migration, invasion		[62]
Colorectal cancer	KMO	Tissue	Metastasis, prognosis	Sphere-forming, migration, invasion		[63]
Colorectal cancer	IDO1, TDO2	Tissue	Lymph node metastasis, tumor stage			[64]
Colorectal cancer	TDO2, KYNU, AhR	Tissue	Clinical stage, prognosis	Cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, tumor growth		[65]
Colorectal cancer	Tryptophanyl-trna synthetase	Tissue	Lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, risk for recurrence, prognosis			[66]
Colorectal cancer	IDO1	Tissue		Cell proliferation, tumor growth	Β-catenin	[67]
Colorectal cancer	5-HT	Tissue		Angiogenesis, tumor growth	Macrophages	[68]
Colorectal cancer	Kyn, AhR	Cell		Goblet cell differentiation	WNT, NOTCH, HES1, HATH1	[69]
Colorectal cancer	IDO1	Tissue		Cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth	PI3K, AKT	[70]
Colorectal cancer	TDO2, AhR, Kyn	Tissue	Liver metastasis	Stemness, immune evasion	PD-L1	[71]
Colorectal cancer	8-hydroxyquinaldic acid	Tissue		Cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration	Β-catenin, E-cadherin	[72]
Colorectal cancer	IAA	Cell		Cell proliferation, cell cycle	TLR4, ERK, JNK	[73]
Colorectal cancer	KYNA	Cell		Cell proliferation	PI3K, AKT, MAPK, Β-catenin	[74]
Colorectal cancer	QA	Cell		Cell proliferation	ERK, P38, CREB, AKT	[75]
Colorectal cancer	Melatonin	Cell		Cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis	FOXO-1, NF-ΚΒ, Endothelin-1	[76]
Pancreatic cancer	5-HT, TPH1, MAOA	Tissue	Tumor stage, tumor size, prognosis	Cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor growth	MYC, HIF1A, PI3K, AKT, MTOR	[77]
Pancreatic cancer	IDO	Tissue	TNM stage, histological differentiation, lymph nodule metastasis			[78]
Pancreatic cancer	KYNU	Tissue	Prognosis		NFR2	[79]
Pancreatic cancer	IDO1, Kyn, AhR	Tissue	Prognosis	Spheroid growth, invasion	NO•, RUNX3	[80]
Pancreatic cancer	AhR, Indoles	Cell	Prognosis	Tumor growth	TAM	[81]
Pancreatic cancer	3-HAA, 3-HK	Serum	Increased risk of pancreatic cancer			[82]

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