Fig. 6

Difference of evolutionary trajectories between MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups. A Illustrating the evolutionary trajectories of the MEN1/DAXX^mut group (left) and MEN1/DAXX^wild group (right). “GL” denotes “Germline.” B Presenting the phylogeny reconstructed using the neighbor-joining method for the ten patients. Bootstrapping percentages from 100 repetitions are indicated at each node. C Depicting the proportions of evolutionary origins in both the MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups. The left axis represents the proportion of each origin, with blue columns indicating Distinct Origins and green columns representing common origins. D Highlighting metastasis-selected events in both the MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups. The left section displays metastasis-selected mutation events in the MEN1/DAXX^mut group, while the right section is for the MEN1/DAXX^wild group. The middle section indicates the proportion of metastasis-selected events in both groups. The upper section showcases metastasis-selected events with significantly different frequencies between the MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups, while the lower section displays metastasis-selected events without significantly different frequencies. Blue grids denote metastasis-selected mutations, while green grids indicate no metastasis-selected mutations. E Detailing mutation rates and the timing of dissemination across all patients. The left and middle sections display the SCIMET-estimated probability of metastasis timing for each primary-metastasis pair in the MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups, respectively. The color of each grid corresponds to the probability value. The right section provides a comparison of primary tumor sizes at the time of dissemination between the MEN1/DAXXmut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups. The horizontal axis represents the MEN1/DAXX^mut and MEN1/DAXX^wild groups, while the vertical axis represents the primary tumor size at the time of dissemination. Each dot represents one primary-metastasis pair, with orange dots indicating pairs where metastasis occurred in lymph nodes and green dots indicating pairs where metastasis occurred in the liver