Fig. 3

VMP1 palmitoylation regulates exosome secretion in Sertoli cells. A SC-derived small EVs were observed under transmission electron microscopy. B Representative Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) showed the size distribution and particle number of these vesicles derived from SCs. C Western blot showed the expression of exosomal marker proteins (CD63, ALIX and TSG101) from two different SC-derived small EV samples, while the endoplasmic reticulum marker Calnexin of them were both negative. D VMP1 knockdown cells were constructed and named shVMP1. Western blot detected the expressions of exosomal protein CD63, ALIX and TSG101 in the EVs obtained from shVMP1 and CTR SC groups. E VMP1 overexpression cells were constructed and named oeVMP1 group. Western blot showed the expressions of exosomal protein CD63, ALIX and TSG101 in the EVs obtained from oeVMP1 and CTR SC groups. F Western blot detected the protein expressions of exosomal marker CD63, ALIX and TSG101 in EVs obtained from SCs transfected with WT-VMP1-Flag, MT-VMP1-Flag and empty flag vector (NC). Quantification of all exosomal protein levels in the EVs was normalized by lysate GAPDH. Each experiment was performed independently three times. Data were presented as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05. ns: not significant