Fig. 1

GRP78 stimulates cell proliferation and migration via its KDEL motif. HT1080 cells were incubated with DMSO, 30 nM EGF, 50 nM GRP78 or GRP78ΔKDEL, for evaluating the effects of GRP78 on cell growth and migration. A EGF and GRP78 induced cell proliferation. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay on day 0, 1, and 2 after incubation with DMSO or indicated proteins in MEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Histogram summarizes the OD450 measurements of cells at indicated time points. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. n = 3 independent experiments. B, C EGF and GRP78 enhanced cell migration during wound healing. Phase contrast images of cells incubated with DMSO, or indicated protein supplements at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after wounding (B). The migration distance in wound healing was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons (C). n = 4 independent experiments. For all graphs, data are presented as mean ± SD. *: P < 0.05. ***: P < 0.001. ****: P < 0.0001. ns: not significant. Scale bar = 300 μm