Fig. 5

Impact of treatment with the combined inhibitors on extracellular vesicle (EV)-induced invasion potential. J82 human bladder urothelial carcinoma cells were exposed to 150 µg/ml protein from J82 cell-derived EVs or with a pool of isolated EVs from urine samples collected from patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and treated with either 5 µM of the CD147 inhibitor AC-73 alone (A) or a combination of 2.5 µM AC-73 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI, 300 ng/ml, B) for 24 h. Invasion potency was measured via a Transwell assay utilizing 6–8 images of cells that traversed the microporous membrane per experiment