Fig. 1

NETs were detected in CCA tumor tissues and predicated poor prognosis. A Representative immunofluorescence images of human cholangiocarcinoma tissue sections (n=7) showing increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in tumor compared to non-tumor tissues of the same patient, Dapi (blue), anti-MPO (green), anti-CitH3 (red), Scale bar=50μm. B The imaging analysis shows a higher level of NETs in CCA tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. C NETs score was analyzed in 27 human CCA from GEO databases (GSE107943). D Representative immunofluorescence images of NETs induced by conditioned media derived from each cell lines, Dapi (blue), anti-MPO (green), anti-CitH3 (red), Scale bar=40μm. E Quantification of NETs by extracellular DNA concentration. F and G Kaplan-Meier disease-free and overall survival curves were generated based on the NETs score for human CCA from the GEO database (GSE107943) post-operatively for 92 months, stratifying patients into high (n=15) and low (n=15) NETs score groups. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Data are means ± SD of three independent experiments