Fig. 3

P5C alter the metabolites in T cells and PKM2 activator and SHP1 inhibitor weaken P5C effect. A Jurkat cells were treated with P5C and the metabolites were analyzed by LC/MS-MS. The amount and species of difference metabolites in T cells are shown as volcano map. Red dot represents increased metabolites and green dot represents decreased metabolites. B A list of vastly different metabolites is shown, including increased and decreased metabolites. C The multiple metabolic pathways that different metabolites participate in are shown as bubble diagram. D All the different metabolites were summarized and shown in KEGG pathway. E Human primary CD3 + T cells were pretreated with P5C and PKM2 activator (P⁺) piperazine or SHP1 inhibitor (S⁻) TPI-1 then stimulated for 3 days with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. Shown is the percentage of cell proliferation by flow cytometry. The left side of graph is the representative result by flow cytometry. F Jurkat cells were pretreated with P5C and PKM2 activator (P⁺) piperazine or SHP1 inhibitor (S⁻) TPI-1 for 3 days. Shown is the cell viability by CCK-8. G Human primary CD3 + T cells were pretreated with P5C and PKM2 activator (P⁺) piperazine or SHP1 inhibitor (S⁻) TPI-1 then stimulated for 3 days with anti-CD3/CD28 beads. Supernatants from cell cultures were analyzed for cytokines levels using Cytometric Beads Array, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17. Error bars are SEM of biological replicates and ^***, ^###p < 0.01