Fig. 8

Succinate-SUCNR1 activated p-Akt/p-GSK3β, and β-catenin pathways. A Succinate increased p-Akt,p-GSK3β protein levels in the mice kidney. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. RAW 264.7 was treated with 500 μM succinate for 12 h. B Succinate also increased p-Akt and p-GSK3β protein levels in the RAW 264.7. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. RAW 264.7 was transfected with SUCNR1 siRNA for 36 h, and 500 μM succinate was stimulated for 12 h. C SUCNR1 siRNA abrogated the activation of p-Akt, p-GSK3β, non-p-β-catenin, and β-catenin in the RAW 264.7. ***P < 0.001, versus scramble siRNA+control group, &&&P < 0.001, versus the scramble siRNA+succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times