Fig. 7

Succinate promoted CTGF expression through activation of β-catenin. A Succinate increased protein levels of non-p-β-catenin and β-catenin in the mice kidney. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 5. RAW 264.7 was treated with 500 μM succinate for 12 h. B Succinate enhanced protein levels of non-p-β-catenin and β-catenin in the RAW 264.7. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. C Succinate promoted translocation of non-p-β-catenin into the nucleus. ICG-001 (2 μM) pretreatment RAW 264.7 for 1 h, 500 μM succinate stimulation for 24 h and 48 h. D ICG-001 prevented the increase of CTGF mRNA induced by succinate. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, &&&P < 0.001, versus the succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times. E The elevation of CTGF protein level was also lowered by ICG-001. ***P < 0.001, versus control group, &&&P < 0.001, versus the succinate group, n = 3, biologically repeated 3 times