Table 1 The function and mechanism of NPFs in autophagy
From: NPFs-mediated actin cytoskeleton: a new viewpoint on autophagy regulation
NPFs | Effects on autophagy | Underlying mechanisms | Stimulating factors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WASP | Promotes autophagosome generation | Via actin cytoskeleton | E. coli infection Rapamycin treatment | [94] [95] |
| Â | Promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion | Via actin cytoskeleton | Rapamycin treatment | [95] |
WASH | Promotes the transport of ATG9 vesicles | Unknown | Starvation | [96] |
| Â | Negatively regulates autophagy | Acts on beclin1 and PI3KC3 | Starvation | [97] |
WAVE | Promotes autophagosome generation | Unknown | Adriamycin treatment | [98] |
WHAMM | Promotes autophagosome generation | Via actin cytoskeleton | Starvation | [79] |
| Â | Promotes autophagic lysosome reformation | Binds to PI(4,5)P2 to promote actin cytoskeleton assembly | Starvation | [82] |
JMY | Promotes autophagosome generation | Binds to LC3 to promote actin cytoskeleton assembly | SAHA treatment or starvation Starvation | [78] [99] |
| Â | Participates in late phases of autophagy | Unknown | Starvation | [99] |
Cortactin | Promotes autophagosome-lysosome fusion | Via actin cytoskeleton | MG132 treatment None | [100] [101] |