Sirtuins in kidney diseases: potential mechanism and therapeutic targets

Table 2 Sirtuins as modulators in kidney diseases

Classification	Name	Target	Cell	Disease		Pathway	References
Natural sirtuin agonists	Resveratrol	Sirt1	Podocyte	DKD	Mitochondrial oxidative stress	Sirt1/PGC-1α	[172]
	Resveratrol	Sirt1	/	Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity	Mitophagy	Sirt1/PINK1/Parkin	[173]
	Curcumin	Sirt1	RTECs	Aristolochic acid nephropathy	Oxidative stress	Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1	[174]
	Silybin	Sirt3	RTECs	Cisplatin-induced AKI	Mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis	/	[175]
	Honokiol	Sirt3	RTECs	Cisplatin-induced AKI	Mitochondrial fission	Sirt3/AMPK	[176]
	Quercetin	Sirt1	RTECs	Senescence and renal fibrosis	Mitophagy	Sirt1/PINK1/Parkin	[41]
	Isoliquiritigenin	Sirt1	NRK-52E cells	STZ-induced DKD	Inflammation, oxidative stress	Sirt1/MAPKs, Sirt1/Nrf2	[177]
	Isoliquiritigenin	Sirt1	/	STZ-induced DKD	Inflammation	Sirt1/NF-κB; Sirt1/NLRP3	[178]
Synthetic sirtuin agonists	SRT1720	Sirt1	Podocytes	DKD	Autophagy	Sirt1/NF-κB p65	[133]
	SRT3025	Sirt1	NRK-49F cells	Senescence and renal fibrosis	Fibrogenesis	Sirt1/TGF-β	[179]
	MDL-800	Sirt6	RTECs	UUO	Inflammation, Fibrosis	Sirt6/β-Catenin;TGF-β1/Smad	[155]
	SRT2183	Sirt1	Renal medullary interstitial cells	UUO	Oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis	Sirt1/COX2	[180]
NAD⁺ promoter	NMN	Sirt1	Podocytes	Focal glomerulosclerosis	Histone methylation	NMN/NAD	[181]
	NMN	Sirt1	Podocytes	DKD	Histone methylation	Sirt1/Claudin-1	[182]
	NR	Sirt3	Podocytes	CKD	Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative stress	Sirt3/PGC-1α	[183]
Sirtuins inhibitors	AGK2	Sirt2	RTECs	AKI	Apoptosis	Sirt2/FOXO3a	[81]
Sirtuins inhibitors	AGK2	Sirt2	NRK-49F cells	UUO	Fibrosis	Sirt2/EGFR/PDGFRβ	[82]

Abbreviations: NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide, NR nicotinamide riboside, RTECs renal tubular epithelial cells, DKD diabetic kidney disease, AKI acute kidney injury, STZ streptozotocin, UUO unilateral ureteral obstruction, CKD chronic kidney diseases, PGC-1ɑ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PINK1 PTEN-induced kinase 1, Nrf2 nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, NLRP3 NOD-like Receptor Pyrin Domain Containing 3, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, COX2 cyclooxygenase-2, NRK-49F cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, PDGFRβ platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β

ISSN: 1478-811X