Table 3 Effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on bone
From: Non-bone-derived exosomes: a new perspective on regulators of bone homeostasis
Cell Source | Exosome Cargo | Cargo Function | Role in Bone Metabolism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ucMSC | Wht4 | Activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in endothelial cells. | Promote angiogenesis. | [120] |
ucMSC | – | Promotes the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α. | Promote angiogenesis and enhanced fracture repair. | [116] |
ucMSC | – | Promotes the expression of VEGF and BMP2. | Promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. | [124] |
ucMSC | miR-21 | Upregulate the NOTCH/DLL4 signaling pathway. | Promote angiogenesis. | [121] |
ucMSC | miR-21-5p | Suppresses the expression of SOX5 and EZH2. | Promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis | [122] |
ucMSC | miR-126 | Activate the SPRED1/Ras/Erk signaling pathway. | Promote angiogenesis, proliferation and migration. | [123] |
ucMSC | – | Promote the expression of BMSCs anabolic-related indicators and inhibit the expression of catabolic-related indicators. | Promote the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit their apoptosis. | [125] |
ucMSC | – | Activate the AKT signaling pathway. | Promotes BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis. | [126] |
ucMSC | – | Promote the expression of Wnt3a,β-catenin. | Promotes osteogenesis and fracture healing. | [127] |
ucMSC | miR-365a-5p | Activate the Hippo signaling pathway. | Promote osteogenesis and preventing the development of GIONFH. | [128] |