Fig. 3From: Intratumoral microorganisms in tumors of the digestive systemEffect of intratumoral bacteria on digestive system tumors. Bacteria can modulate diverse signaling pathways or initiate DNA damage leading to carcinogenesis in cells. Chronic inflammation constitutes a notable risk factor for tumor development. Bacteria may influence inflammatory cells and can directly induce inflammation, or they may regulate immune cells and inhibit inflammationBack to article page