Fig. 1
From: Intratumoral microorganisms in tumors of the digestive system
Intratumoral microbes: Detection methods and general characteristics. a. Several methods are used to detect microorganisms in tumors, and next-generation sequencing technology is the primary detection method.b. Microbes can enter and colonize tumor tissue by crossing damaged mucosal barriers, migrating from adjacent normal tissues, or through the circulatory system.c. Fusobacterium, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Malassezia are the common microbes in digestive system tumors.d. Microbes show substantial heterogeneity in various types of tumors and during different stages of the same tumor. Moreover, microbial populations in tumors differ from those in neighboring healthy tissues