Table 1 Regulators related to ferroptosis

Drivers

p53

Inhibits SLC7A11 transcription and increases ALOX15 levels

[71, 72]

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2)

Regulates iron level by regulating the translation and stability of mRNA

[75]

Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)

Promotes ferritinophagy

[76]

HMOX1

Catalytic degradation of heme and release of free iron

[77]

NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)

Produces H₂O₂ and lipid peroxides

[78]

ALOX12

Oxidates PUFA and induct p53

[79]

Beclin 1 (BECN1)

Binds to SLC7A11 and block activity of Xc⁻

[80]

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)

Blocks Nrf2/KEAP1/Xc⁻ pathway

[81]

LPCAT3

Generates C20:4 phospholipids

[82]

Suppressors

Nrf2

Promotes expression of FTL/FTH1, SLC7A11, GCLC/GCLM, FPN1and GPX4

[64, 67, 68]

KEAP1

Stabilizes and regulate Nrf2

[83]

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)

Rate-limiting enzyme for monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, leads to fatty acid desaturation

[84, 85]

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS)

Decreases the methylation of ACSL4 protein and Degrades ACSL4 protein

[86]

Ferritin mitochondrial (FTMT)

Stores iron in the mitochondria

[87]

Rapamycin kinase (MTOR)

Regulation of ROS production

[88]

Cadherin 1 (CDH1)

Regulation of iron and increase NAD(P)H/GSH levels

[89]

Frataxin (FXN)

Regulation of iron homeostasis and mitochondrial function

[90]

Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1)

Reduces iron-mediated production of ROS

[91]

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2)

Promotes the consumption of iron

[92]

Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)

Regulates P53 and hydrolyze phospholipid peroxide

[93, 94]

Solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1)

Inhibits iron transporter

[95]

Signal transducer and Activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)

Inhibits expression of ACSL4

[96]

Thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD)

Eliminates phospholipid hydroperoxides

[97]