Fig. 3
From: 14–3-3ε: a protein with complex physiology function but promising therapeutic potential in cancer
14–3-3ε exerts anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-apoptotic effects via the TNF-ε signaling pathway. In response to TNF-α stimulation, 14–3-3ε forms a complex with TAK1 and PPM1B, and TAK1 phosphorylates IKKβ, ultimately promoting the entry of NF-κB into the nucleus. The interaction between Bax and 14–3-3ε inhibits the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, ultimately inhibiting apoptosis. Additionally, the TNFR2/14–3-3ε complex promotes NF-κB activation and entry into the nucleus via PI3K/AKT and ERK/EIK-1. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1; IKK, Ikappa-B kinase