Fig. 3

Effects of PA on colon and duodenum in HFe diet mice. A mRNA expression of iron transporter genes in the colon in NS-, FD-, and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group).One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. B mRNA expression of iron-binding protein genes or metabolic genes in the colon of NS-, FD- and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group).One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. C mRNA expression of slc7a11 and fabp4 genes in the colon of NS-, FD- and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group).One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. D mRNA expression of gut tight junction function-related genes in NS-, FD- and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group).One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. E Western blotting showing the effects of PA on the expression levels of proteins involved in iron transport, cell stress and metabolic regulation in mouse colonic tissue (3 mice each group). F Comparison of iron and LD levels in colonic tissue (above 5 mice each group). One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. G mRNA expression of iron transporter genes of the duodenum in NS-, FD- and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group). One-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD test was used for significance. H Expression of iron-binding protein genes or related genes in the duodenum of NS-, FD- and PA-treated groups (above 8 mice each group). Paired t-tests were used for significance. I Western blotting showing the effects of PA on levels of proteins involved in iron transport, cell stress and metabolic regulation in the duodenal tissue from the mice (3 mice each group). J Quantification of iron and LD levels in duodenal segments (above 5 mice each group). Paired t-tests were used for significance. All data are means ± SEM. Statistical significance vs. the vehicle-only treatment group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** < 0.001, ns: no significant difference