Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields

Mobarak, Halimeh; Javid, Farzin; Narmi, Maryam Taghavi; Mardi, Narges; Sadeghsoltani, Fatemeh; Khanicheragh, Parisa; Narimani, Samaneh; Mahdipour, Mahdi; Sokullu, Emel; Valioglu, Ferzane; Rahbarghazi, Reza

doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8

Cell Communication and Signaling

Table 2 The function of MVs in Gram-negative/positive bacteria and archaea

From: Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields

Functions	Domain	Species	References
Delivery of toxic factors to eukaryotes/prokaryotes	Gram-negative bacteria	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bordetella pertussis, Escherichia coli, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansm, Vibrio cholera, Pseudomonas fragi, Kingella kingae, Salmonella enterica pullorum, Pantoea agglomerans, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Phyllobacterium trifolii	[51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58]
Exchange of proteins (e.g., OM proteins (OmpA, OmpC, and OmpF), periplasmic proteins (alkaline phosphatase and AcrA), Hemin binding protein C and virulence factors (adhesins, invasins, and other enzymes) between cells	Gram-negative bacteria	Neisseria meningitides, Escherichia coli, Gemmata obscuriglobus, Bartonella henselae	[59,60,61,62]
Exchange of lipids (e.g., glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-glycerol, and cardiolipin) between cells	Gram-negative bacteria	Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae, Myxococcus xanthus	[63,64,65]
	Gram-positive bacteria	Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus	[66, 67]
Biofilm production	Gram-negative bacteria	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori	[68,69,70]
Response to stress	Gram-negative bacteria	Escherichia coli Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[71,72,73]
Transfer of genetic materials (DNA/RNA)	Gram-negative bacteria	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella osloensis, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Shigella spp. (Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella flexneri), Shewanella vesiculosa, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Yersinia pestis, and Vibrio cholerae	[74,75,76,77,78,79,80]
	Gram-positive bacteria	Ruminococcus spp. Mycobacteriaceae	[81, 82]
	Archaea	Thermococcales (Thermococcus kodakarensis, and Nautilia lithotrophica)	[83, 84]
Promote antibiotics resistance	Gram-negative bacteria	Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli	[85,86,87,88]

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