Table 1 Comparison between Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Archaea EVs
From: Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields
Domains of life | Origin | Diameter (nm) | Terms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Eukaryotes | Mammalian cells | Apoptosis process: with origin cell membrane and components | 1000–5000 | Apoptotic bodies (ABs) |
The outward budding of the cell membrane | 100–1000 | Microvesicles, Extracellular membrane vesicles, Microparticles, Ectosomes, Exovesicles | ||
Endosomal origin: early and late endosome for intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formation then Multivesicular Bodies (MVB) fusion with the cell membrane | 30–150 | Exosomes (Exos) | ||
Prokaryotes | Gram-negative bacteria | Outer membrane | 10–500 | Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) |
Gram-positive bacteria | Cytoplasmic membrane | 20–400 | Membrane vesicles (MVs) | |
Archaea | Archaea | Cytoplasmic membrane | 50–230 | Membrane vesicles (MVs) |