Table 3 Overview of ROS-modulated therapeutic approaches for targeting oxidative stress in cancer
From: Interplay of oxidative stress, cellular communication and signaling pathways in cancer
Therapeutic Approach | Agent Type | Examples | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ROS-Scavenging | NADPH oxidase inhibitors | Diphenylene iodonium, Apocynin | inhibit NADPH oxidase, reducing ROS production | |
Antioxidant vitamins | Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin A | neutralize free radicals by donating electrons | ||
Selenium compounds | Selenomethionine, Ebselen | activate selenoproteins functioning as antioxidants | ||
Natural compounds | Quercetin, Resveratrol, Curcumin, EGCG | inhibit ROS-generating enzymes and chelate metal ions | ||
Enzyme mimetics | Manganese Porphyrins, EUK-134 | mimic natural antioxidant enzymes | ||
Polyamines | Spermine, Spermidine | modulate cellular redox status by chelating metal ions or inducing expression of antioxidant enzymes | ||
Miscellaneous | Edaravone, Trolox, Tempol | various mechanisms including free radical scavenging and metal chelation | ||
ROS-Boosting | Nitroxide derivatives | Tempol, Tempone | generate ros to induce oxidative stress | |
Pro-oxidant drugs | Arsenic trioxide, Doxorubicin, Menadione, Elesclomol | create redox imbalance, elevate ros levels leading to apoptosis | ||
Photodynamic therapy agents | Aminolevulinic acid, Methylene blue, Rose Bengal | produce ROS when activated by light | ||
Natural pro-oxidants | Beta-Lapachone, Parthenolide, Capsaicin | induce ROS generation disrupting redox balance | ||
Metal chelators | Deferoxamine, Triapine, L1 | chelate transition metal ions catalyzing ROS formation | ||
Thiol antioxidants | N-Acetylcysteine, Glutathione, Thioredoxin | donate electrons to neutralize free radicals | ||
Redox-cycling drugs | Plumbagin, Juglone, Thiosemicarbazones | cycle between oxidized and reduced forms, generating ros |