Table 2 Tumor immunotherapy strategies and their application prospects
From: Targeting the macrophage immunocheckpoint: a novel insight into solid tumor immunotherapy
Category | Substance | Target site | Mechanisms of action |
|---|---|---|---|
Inhibitor | Zoledronic acid | CCL2 | Suppress the expression of CCL2 [38] |
Gefitinib | CCL5 | Decrease the secretion of CCL5 [39] | |
PLX3397 | CSF1R | Inhibit the expression of CSF1R [40] | |
GW2580 | CSF1 | Inhibit the expression of CSF1 [41] | |
Wortmannin | PI3K | Decrease serum cytokine levels by inhibiting PI3K [42] | |
Monoclonal antibody or blocker | HAC | PD-LI | Block human PD-LI [43] |
BMS-936558 | PD-1 | Block the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 [44] | |
Hu5F9-G4 | CD47 | Block CD47 that induces tumor-cell phagocytosis [45] | |
KWAR23 | SIRPa | Combine with tumor-opsonizing antibodies to aug-ment neutrophils and TAMs antitumor activity [46] | |
Biological response modifier | GHI/75 | LILRB 1 | Block the MHC /LILRB1 signaling way [47] |
Trabectedin | Macrophages | Block the immunosuppressive effect [48] | |
Immunomodulator linemode | Macrophages | Block the activity of macrophages in tumor angio-genesis [49] | |
DNMTi AZA (5-Azacytidine) | Macrophages | Regulate of macrophages polarization [50] | |
DFMO (a-Difluoromethylornithine) | Macrophages | Regulate of macrophages polarization [51] | |
DNTs (dual-inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles) | M2 macrophages | Make M2 macrophages repolarize to active MI macrophages and inhibit CSF IR and SHP-2 [52] |