Fig. 4
From: Polyamines: their significance for maintaining health and contributing to diseases
Regulation of polyamine by oncogenes and signaling pathways. a The translation product of TP53, known as p53, regulates the expression of ODC, a key enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Mutations in the TP53 gene will have a significant impact on the metabolism and function of polyamines. The tumor suppressor gene TP53 can be inactivated in four ways: Missense mutation; Truncating mutation; Frameshift mutation; Splice mutation. b Activated MYC exerts regulatory effects on several crucial enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, including ODC, SRM and SMS. Genetic aberrations, transcriptional regulation, and protein instability can activate MYC. Increasing phospho-serine 62 (P-S62)-MYC and decreasing phospho-threonine 58 (P-T58)-MYC stabilize MYC protein. c. RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway upregulates the expression of ODC and downregulates the expression of SSAT. d PI3K-mTORC1 signaling pathway increases the expression of dcAdoMet, thus regulating the biosynthesis of polyamine. Created with BioRender.com