Fig. 3
From: Polyamines: their significance for maintaining health and contributing to diseases
The regulatory pathways of polyamines in CRC. a Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway results in the inability of β-catenin to undergo phosphorylation by GSK-3β, ultimately leading to its accumulation within the cell and subsequent nuclear translocation. Upon entering the nucleus, MYC expression is upregulated through binding to TCF/LEF, which will increase the expression of ODC. B Excessive stimulation of the RAS signaling pathway results in the stimulation of ODC expression while suppressing the expression of SSAT. c. PI3K/AKT pathway can regulat the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways. Elevating the expression of ODC and reducing the expression of SSAT will result in an augmented intracellular pool of polyamines. The elevation in polyamine concentration frequently correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. Created with BioRender.com