Ferroptosis: a promising candidate for exosome-mediated regulation in different diseases

Table 1 Mechanism by which exosomes enhance ferroptosis in different diseases

System	Disease types	Exosomes sources	Molecular mediators	Target	Biological effects	References
Digestive system	Liver fibrosis	HucMSC	BECN1	xCT/GPX4	Promote ferroptosis of HSC and inhibit liver fibrosis	[18]
Cardiovascular system	Obesity-induced myocardial injury	ATM	miR-140-5p	SLC7A11/GSH	Promote ferroptosis of cardiac myocyte and aggravate heart injury	[19]
Cardiovascular system	Atrial fibrillation	CF	miR-23a-3p	SLC7A11	Promote ferroptosis of cardiac myocyte and worsen disease	[20]
Nervous system	sepsis associated encephalopathy	serum	NEAT1	miR-9-5p/TFRC and GOT1	Promote ferroptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells and lead to SAE	[21]

HucMSC human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, ATM adipose tissue macrophage, CF cardiac fibroblast, GOT1 glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1

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