Fig. 2
From: Ferroptosis: a promising candidate for exosome-mediated regulation in different diseases
Mechanisms of exosome-regulated ferroptosis through the “offensive pathway”. Iron metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways serve as two “offensive pathways” that can promote ferroptosis by promoting the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation. Exosomes derived from different cells can directly or indirectly inhibit iron metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways to inhibit the occurrence of intracellular ferroptosis. The key targets of exosomes in regulating lipid metabolism pathways included TFR1, IRP2, IREB2, STEAP3, and DMT1. The key targets of exosomes in regulating lipid metabolism pathways included PUFA, ACSL4, and ALOX15. TFR1: transferrin receptor 1; IRP2: iron regulatory protein 2; IREB2: iron response element-binding protein 2; STEAP3: six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 metalloreductase; DMT1: divalent metal transporter 1; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; ALOX15: arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase