Fig. 1
From: Ferroptosis: a promising candidate for exosome-mediated regulation in different diseases
Mechanisms of exosome-regulated ferroptosis through “defence pathways”. The system Xc-/GSH/GPX4 and NAD(P)H/FSP1/CoQ10 axes serve as two “defence pathways” to protect cells from ferroptosis. In addition, the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway cooperated with GPX4 to inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Exosomes derived from different cells can directly or indirectly regulate the above pathways through their functional components to regulate the occurrence and development of ferroptosis in cells. This diagram illustrates the pathway by which exosomes regulate ferroptosis by inhibiting or promoting the key targets SLC7A11, GPX4, FSP1, and Nrf2. SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; FSP1: ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor E2-related factor 2