Table 2 Animal studies indicating the role of PKCδ in regulating the function of vascular smooth muscle cells
From: PKCδ regulates the vascular biology in diabetic atherosclerosis
Pathophysiological process | Group 1 | Group 2 (vs. group 1) | Group 3 (vs. group 1) | Group 4 (vs. group 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rodents with DM | - | - | + | + | |
PKC δ KO/KD rodents | - | + | - | + | |
VSMCs PKC δ expression | Base | Decrease | Increase [56] | Decrease | |
VSMCs number in atherosclerotic lesions | Base | Increase [57] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
VSMCs proliferation | Base | Decrease [58] | Increase [56] | Not mentioned | |
Mitogen-stimulated VSMCs proliferation | Base | No change [57] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
PDGF-induced VSMCs proliferation | Base | Not mentioned | Increase [56] | Not mentioned | |
VSMCs adhesion | Base | Decrease [59] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
Mechanical stress-induced VSMCs migration | Base | Decrease [60] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
PDGF-induced VSMCs migration | Base | Decrease [59] | Increase [56] | Not mentioned | |
VSMCs chemotaxis | Base | Decrease [58] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
PDGF-induced VSMCs apoptosis | Base | Not mentioned | No change [56] | Not mentioned | |
VSMCs death in atherosclerotic lesions | Base | Decrease [57] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
Arterial injury-induced VSMCs apoptosis | Base | Decrease [61] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | |
Oxidative-induced VSMCs death | Base | Decrease [62] | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |