Fig. 5

GADD34 inhibition by guanabenz attenuates the reduction in mTORC1 activity and the increase in CHOP levels caused by ER stress in the human placental cell line BeWo. BeWo cells were stimulated with 0.1 μg/ml of tunicamycin (TM) either in the presence or absence of 5 μM guanabenz (GB) for 24 h and the protein levels of total and phosphorylated RPS6 (A), CHOP (B), SNAT1 (C), and SNAT2 (D) were assessed. Data (N = 3) are presented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 versus the AGA group. P-values determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test