Fig. 4
From: A state-of-the-art review on the NRF2 in Hepatitis virus-associated liver cancer
Non-stressed, OS, and HCC cells all use the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Keap1 is distinguished by its tramtrack and bric-a-brac (BTB) domain, an intervening region (IVR), and double-glycine repeats (DGR) domains. Keap1 increases Nrf2 breakdown in the non-stressed state, keeping Nrf2 levels low. To keep redox homeostasis stable throughout OS, Nrf2 is active. Prolonged activation of Nrf2 in HCC causes cells to multiply and develop treatment resistance