Fig. 13From: Autophagy-modulating biomaterials: multifunctional weapons to promote tissue regenerationUnderlying mechanism of autophagy in lung tissue. Nutrient deprivation and stress can trigger autophagy. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; α-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate; PPP, pentose-phosphate pathway; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle. (Reproduced with permission [246]; Copyright 2021, Springer Nature)Back to article page