Fig. 3

Ouabain induces the differentiation of LSCs into LPCs in viable AML cells. A Schematic illustration describing the established study model 1, which allowed the dynamic changes of LSCs and LPCs, along with the flow cytometry gating strategy to identify cell death in pooled AML cells and LSC/LPC differentiation in viable cells. B Pooled AML KG-1 cells containing approximately 50% LSCs and LPCs each were treated with ouabain (0 − 40 nM) for 24 − 72 h. (left) Percentage of cell death (Annexin V⁺) in pooled AML cells. (right) Percentage of CD34⁺CD38⁻ LSCs, CD34⁺CD38⁺ LPCs, and CD15⁺ blasts in live (Annexin V⁻) cells. Data are mean ± SD (n = 5). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 versus nontreated control; two-sided Student’s t test