Table 2 FGF signaling during axon development and function

FGF2

FGFR1

-

Axon outgrowth/Axon branching

Promotes axonal elongation and branching in cultured DRGs neurons

Rat

[53, 54, 57]

-

-

Axon branching

Promotes mainly interstitial branching of cortical axons in vitro

M.auratus

[55]

-

MAPK/Erk (?)

Axon branching

Enhances the severing of MTs in hippocampal neurons through expression of katanin and spastin

Rat

[58]

-

-

Inhibition of axon branching

Suppresses axonal branching in cultured hippocampal granule neurons

Rat

[60]

-

PLC

Axon guidance

Chemorepulsive effect on RGCs growth cones

Xen

[27]

-

-

Presynaptic formation

Induces presynaptic vesicle clustering

Xen/Rat

[81, 82]

FGF3

FGFR1 (?)

-

Axon guidance

Attracts hypothalamic axons towards the neurohypophysis

Chick/Zeb

[75]

FGF4

FGFR1/Neuritin

-

Axon branching

Enhance axonal branching of cultured hippocampal granule neurons

Rat

[60]

FGF5

-

-

FGF7

-

-

FGFR2b

-

NMJ formation

Promotes NMJ formation by increasing vesicle clustering in motor neurons

Mouse

[84, 85]

FGFR2b

-

Presynaptic formation

Promotes inhibitory synapse formation in hippocampal neurons by increasing synaptic vesicle clustering

Mouse

[86]

FGF8

-

NF_KB

Axon outgrowth

Promotes neurite outgrowth of cultured cochlear spiral ganglion neurons

Mouse

[62]

-

-

Axon branching

Promotes axonal branching of culture hippocampal granule neurons

Rat

[60]

-

-

Axon guidance (?)

Induces the expression of slit1 and sema3A

Xen

[71]

-

-

Axon guidance

Attracts trochlear motor axons from the hindbrain towards the isthmic organizer

Chick/Rat

[76]

-

-

Axon guidance

Regulates growth of midbrain dopaminergic axons by inducing sema3F

Rat

[77]

FGF10

-

-

Axon guidance

Regulates growth of hypothalamic axons towards the neurohypophysis

Chick

[75]

FGFR2b

-

NMJ formation

Promotes NMJ formation by increasing vesicle clustering in motor neurons

Mouse

[84, 85]

FGF12

-

-

Action potential generation

Regulates AIS-localized VGSC currents

Rat

[97]

FGF13

-

-

Axon specification

Induces MTs polymerization and stabilization in the growth cone

Rat/Mouse

[52]

FGF14

-

-

Action potential generation

Regulates AIS-localization and currents of VGSC and KCNQ channels

Mouse/Rat

[91]

-

-

Action potential generation

Regulates presynaptic calcium channel currents

Mouse/Rat

[94]

FGF22

FGFR2b

-

NMJ formation

Promotes NMJ formation by increasing vesicle clustering in motor neurons

Mouse

[84, 85]

FGFR2b

PI3K/Akt (?)

Presynaptic formation

Promotes excitatory synapse formation in hippocampal neurons by increasing synaptic vesicle clustering

Mouse

[86, 88]

FGFR1b

-

-

FGFR1

PI3K-Akt

Axon guidance

Regulates slit1 levels in the forebrain

Xen

[72, 73]

-

-

Axon guidance

Required for the targeting of GNRH1 axons to the median eminence

Mouse

[74]

-

-

Axon guidance

Required for the growth of MMCm axons towards FGF-producing somites

Mouse

[78]

FGFR2-4

PI3K-Akt

Axon guidance

Regulate sema3A expression in the forebrain

Xen

[73]