Fig. 2

Aggravated neuroinflammation in the spinal cords of CFA mice. A and C. Representative images and quantification of GFAP⁺ astrocytes in mouse spinal cord sections (n = 3, scale bars: 50 or 100 μm). B and D. Representative images and quantification of IBA1⁺ microglia in mouse spinal cord sections (n = 3, scale bars: 50 or 100 μm). E–G. ELISAs detecting IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the spinal cords of mice (n = 5, IL-1β: F_{4, 20} = 28.29, P < 0.0001; IL-6: F_{4, 20} = 18.35, P < 0.0001; TNF-α: F_{4, 20} = 28.91, P < 0.0001). Expression in the sham group was set to 1 for quantification purposes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, compared with the sham group mice