Table 2 Overview of inhibitors of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and their application in the treatment of immune/inflammatory diseases
Inhibitor | Component affected | Indication | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|
Ruxolitinib | JAK1/JAK2 | Psoriasis Graft versus host disease | Improves skin lesions by inhibiting the infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells [22] |
Baricitinib | JAK1/JAK2 | RA Psoriasis Alopecia areata | Improves disease activity in RA refractory to conventional medication Ameliorates skin involvement in immune diseases [23] |
Tofacitinib | JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 | RA Spondyloarthropathy Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Psoriasis Transplant rejection Ulcerative colitis | Prevents the progression of structural joint disease Blocks STAT phosphorylation in keratinocytes affected by psoriasis Conserves the remission of ulcerative colitis [23] |
Decernotinib | JAK3 | RA | Improves signs and symptoms of RA [24] |
Peficitinib | JAK3/JAK1 | RA Psoriasis | Ameliorates symptoms in moderate to severe RA [25] Has shown some efficacy in plaque psoriasis [26] |
Filgotinib | JAK1 | RA Crohn’s disease | Ameliorates RA signs and symptoms and inhibits its progression [27] Leads to clinical remission of Crohn’s disease [28] |
Itacitinib | JAK1 | Psoriasis RA | Significant improvements in chronic plaque psoriasis [29] Rapidly ameliorates symptoms of RA [30] |
Upadacitinib | JAK1 | RA | Improves disease activity [31] |