Fig. 1

Differentiation potential of BM niche subpopulations. A-B BM plasma samples were collected from HDs (n = 10) and AML patients at diagnosis (n = 10). Adipocyte and osteocyte fractions were analyzed with the ELISA test for FABP4 and osteocalcin biomarkers, respectively. C Immunofluorescence staining of FABP4 in adipocytes derived from AML patients and HD at two time points (7 and 21 days) during the differentiation process. The scale bar is 10 µM. D Quantitative analysis of FABP4 expression levels, using FIJI software for fully differentiated (21 days) adipocytes derived from 6 AML patients and 3 HDs. MFI: median fluorescence intensity. E Protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in induced osteocytes derived from 14 AML patients and 7 HDs, as evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. Non-induced MSCs derived from 8 AML patients and 5 HDs were used as control. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with each patient sample presented as a dot or a unique symbol. Statistical analyses included: unpaired t test in A, D and E; Mann–Whitney U test in B. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant