Fig. 3
bMSC delivered extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediates the therapeutic effect of bMSCs on endothelial glycocalyx (EG) degradation. A Identification of bMSC-EVs: left, transmission electron microscopy image of the EV structure, scare bar: 100 nm; middle, EV size analysis using nanoparticle size analyzer; right, EV markers CD9, CD63, Alix, and GM130 protein images by Western Blot. B Confocal microscopy shows the fluorescence of uptake of PKH-67-labeled EVs (green) by HUVECs. Scale bar: 100 μm (n = 3). C Western blot images and quantitative analysis of syndecan-1, MMP-9, IL-6, and IL-1β protein levels compared to that of Actin in HUVECs treated with bMSC med and bMSC-GW4869 med (n = 3). GW4869: EVs inhibitor. D Transendothelial resistance value to baseline (0 h) in HUVECs with the same treatment as described in (C) (n = 3), ####p < 0.0001 compared with the LPS group. E Transmission electron microscopy images of EG in mice right ear tissues treated with bMSCs and bMSCs-GW4869, black arrows: the EG layer, Scale bar: 1 μm (n = 6). All results were obtained at 6 h after LPS administration. Values are presented as mean ± sems; statistical analysis: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001