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Fig. 2 | Cell Communication and Signaling

Fig. 2

From: Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction

Fig. 2

Selected signaling pathways through which exosomes from MSCs exert therapeutic effects. ADMSC-exo, exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells; AIFM3, apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 3; AKT, protein kinase B; BMSC-exo, exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; CHK2, checkpoint kinase 2; DMBT1, deleted in malignant brain tumors 1; EZH2, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2; FOXO3, forkhead box O3; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; HMGA2, high mobility group AT-hook 2; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAP3K2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2; MEKK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; p-AKT, phosphorylated protein kinase B; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol3-kinase; PP2A, protein phospholipase 2A; S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate; S1PR1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1; SK1, sphingosine kinase 1; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; UMSC-exo, exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

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Cell Communication and Signaling

ISSN: 1478-811X