Fig. 6

EV biogenesis and trafficking pathways in the endometrium are affected by the arrival of the embryo in the uterus. mRNA expression levels of (A) ESCRT-I complex proteins: VPS28, and VPS37b, (B) ESCRT-II complex proteins: VPS22, VPS25, and VPS36, (C) ESCRT-associated proteins: ALIX, VAMP8, and VPS4A, and (D) Ras-related proteins: RAB11A, RAB11B, RAB7B, and RAB27A. Gene expression was normalized to GAPDH (AU), identified as the best reference gene by the NormFinder algorithm. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with the Sidak multiple comparison test and are shown as means + SEM (n = 5–13). Means with different superscripts differ significantly (small letters – the estrous cycle, capital letters – pregnancy; p < 0.05). Significant differences between the estrous cycle and pregnancy at the same day are indicated in the graph (p < 0.05). AU – arbitrary units. E Schematic diagram presenting combined gene expression and embryonic signals (E₂ and PGE₂) profiles during early pregnancy in pigs. F Gene expression clusters generated for the analyzed genes. Gene expression values are expressed as standard deviations from the mean (Number of SDs)