Fig. 6
From: The role of MSCs and CAR-MSCs in cellular immunotherapy
Immunoregulatory effects of MSCs on NK cells in a contact-dependent manner or secrection of cytokines and growth factors or extracellular vesicles. MSCs mainly inhibit the proliferation of NK cells. Notes: MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; NK cells: Nature killer cells; IL: Interleukin; HLA-G: human leukocyte antigen-G; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; TLR4: Toll-like receptor4; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; LAIR1: Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1; NFKB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cell; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; NKP: Nature killer cell protein; NKG2D: Natural killer group 2 member D; CD: Cluster of differentiation; IDO: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase