Fig. 8
ATP purinergic signalling contributes to vascular remodelling after injury. ATP released from injured vascular cells binds to P2Y2Rs or P2Y6Rs on Sca-1+ cells, leading to a significant rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activation of MAPK-ERK and MAPK-P38 signalling pathways. These MAPK pathways in turn regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and alter the expression levels of genes that promote Sca-1+ cell proliferation and migration. P2Y2R: purinergic metabotropic P2Y receptors type 2; P2Y6R: purinergic metabotropic P2Y receptor type 6; P2XRs: purinergic ionotropic P2X receptor channels; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; PLC: phospholipase C; p-ERK1/2: phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; p-P38: phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase