Table 1 MicroRNAs associated with anoikis in BC

Promotes

miR-630

Down

Down

Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)

MiR-630 directly regulates IGF1R, which subsequently leads to a decrease in HER2 and EGFR, promotes anoikis

[234]

Promotes

miR-223

Down

Down

Caprin-1

MiR-223 targets the 3'UTR of Caprin-1 miRNA and downregulates Caprin-1 expression, promotes anoikis

[235]

Promotes

miR-200c

Down

Down

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB1和ZEB2)

MiR-200c downregulates the expression of E-cadherin and other epithelial polar and functional mediators to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype, promotes anoikis

[236]

Promotes

FN1、Moesin (MSN), leptin receptor (LEPR) and Rho GTPase activating protein 19 (ARHGAP19)

MiR-200c maintains the epithelial phenotype by repressing mesenchymal and neuronal gene programs involved in cell motility and anoikis resistance

[237]

Promotes

TrkB and NTF3

MiR-200c targets the NF-κB upregulated TrkB/NTF3 autocrine signaling loop to enhance anoikis sensitivity in triple-negative BC

[188]

Promotes

miR-148b

Down

Down

cathepsin A (CTSA), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), MMP15 and integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5)

MiR-148b directly targets participants in integrin signaling, such as ITGA5, ROCK1, PIK3CA/p110α, and NRAS, as well as CSF1, promotes anoikis

[238]

Promotes

miR-18a

—

—

hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1A)

MiR-18a promotes anoikis via the HIF1A-dependent pathway

[239]

Promotes

miR-124

Down

Down

connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), ras homolog gene family member G (RhoG), integrin-β1 (ITGB1), Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6)

MiR-124 acts through a mechanism that down regulates CTGF, ITGB1, RhoG and ROCK1. CTGF, RhoG, ITGB1 and ROCK1 are upregulated in BC, and Overexpression of these proteins was positively correlated with anoiks resistance and poor prognosis

[240]

Promotes

miR-200b

Downregulated in BC cells that acquire a metastatic phenotype

Pin1

MiRNA-200b regulates the activity of PEA3 and ELK-1 through the Pin1-pERK pathway, forming a self-regulatory feedback loop, promotes anoikis

[241]

Promotes

miR-491-5p

Down

Down

ZNF-703

MiR-491-5p suppresses BC metastasis by targeting ZNF-703 to regulate AKT/mTOR pathway, promotes anoikis

[242]

Promotes

miR-6744-5p

Down

Down

N-acetyltransferases 1 (NAT1)

MiR-6744-5p directly targets and downregulates NAT1, which induces DNA damage through chemical carcinogenesis and inhibits anoikis by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)

[243]

Promotes

miRNA-188-3p

Down

Down

Transmembrane p24 trafficking protein (3TMED3)

MiRNA-188-3p is a novel negative regulator of TMED3 that slows the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells, promotes anoikis

[244]

Suppresses

miR-23b

Up

Up

Nischarin (NISCH)

Knockdown of miR-23b and miR-27b enhances NISCH expression, and NISCH inhibits NF-κB phosphorylation, suppresses anoikis

[245]

Suppresses

miR-27b

Suppresses

miR-522

Up

Up

ETS transcription factor1 (ELK1)和 E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3)

Overexpression of miR-522 significantly downregulates ELK1 and E2F3, leading to loss of adhesion and G1/S phase block, suppresses anoikis

[246]

Suppresses

miR-200a

Up

Down

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)

MiR-200a directly binds to the 3'-UTR of YAP1 to reduce YAP1 expression, and downregulates YAP1 to inhibit the expression of caspase-3 division and pro-anoikis proteins (Bax and Bim)

[247]

Suppresses

miR-181a

Expression of miR-181a is upregulated by TGF-β

Bim

The high expression of miR-181a suppressed the expression of Bim. miR-181a/b was also shown to regulate Bcl-2, ATM, p27, K-Ras and TIMP3, suppresses anoikis

[248]