Fig. 2
From: Involvement of the SIRT1-NLRP3 pathway in the inflammatory response
The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The priming signal (signal 1) is provided by microbial components or endogenous cytokines, leading to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and subsequent upregulation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β. The activating signal (signal 2) is from RNA virus, pore-forming toxins, or particulate matter activates the NLRP3 inflammasome with the help of ROS as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation from mitochondria. (RNA: Ribonucleic acid; TLR: Toll-like receptor; Sirt1: Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NLRP3: NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; ASC: a protein; IL: Interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B)